Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability can significantly impact your daily life, especially if you’re experiencing recurring pain, weakness, or a sensation that your shoulder might “give out.” This condition often arises from injuries, repetitive strain, or naturally loose ligaments, leading to discomfort and limited mobility.

At our practice in Austin, Texas, Dr. Benjamin W. Szerlip, a fellowship-trained shoulder and sports medicine surgeon, specializes in diagnosing and treating shoulder instability. If you’re facing shoulder issues, don’t hesitate to contact us for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan.

What Patients Are Saying

“After a bad fall from a ladder and seeing two other doctors, I was referred to Dr. Szerlip. He was able to repair the breaks in my arm and shoulder. Four months post surgery and I have full use of my arm and shoulder. THANK YOU DR. SZERLIP!!” — Patricia J.

Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint

The shoulder is the most movable joint in the human body, comprising the upper arm bone (humerus), shoulder blade (scapula), and collarbone (clavicle). The ball of the shoulder (humeral head) fits into the shallow shoulder socket (glenoid cavity), stabilized by the shoulder capsule, shoulder ligaments, and a cartilage rim known as the labrum. This complex structure allows for a wide range of motion but also makes the shoulder susceptible to instability.

A woman experiencing pain caused by shoulder instability in Texas.

What is Shoulder Instability?

Shoulder instability occurs when the structures that maintain shoulder stability, such as the shoulder ligaments, the shoulder capsule, and the labrum, are compromised. This can result in the humeral head moving partially (subluxation) or completely (dislocation) out of the shoulder socket.

Shoulder instability is usually caused by shoulder dislocation, severe injury, or trauma.

An unstable shoulder may feel loose, weak, or prone to slipping out of place, especially during certain movements or activities. When the shoulder repeatedly slips out of the socket, it is a sign of chronic shoulder instability.

Types of Shoulder Instability

Understanding the type of shoulder instability is crucial for effective treatment:

  • Anterior Instability: The most common form, where the humeral head slips forward out of the shoulder socket, often due to a traumatic dislocation.
  • Posterior Instability: Less common, involving the humeral head moving backward, typically resulting from repetitive overhead motion or trauma.
  • Multidirectional Instability: Occurs when the shoulder is unstable in multiple directions, often in individuals with naturally loose ligaments or those engaged in repetitive or stressful activities.

Recognizing Shoulder Instability Symptoms

Key symptoms indicating shoulder instability include:

  • Shoulder Pain: Especially during activities that involve lifting or overhead motion.
  • Sensation of Looseness: Feeling that the shoulder may slip out of place.
  • Decreased Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the shoulder through its full range.
  • Weakness: Particularly when lifting objects or performing overhead tasks.
  • Recurrent Dislocations: Experiencing the shoulder coming out of the socket multiple times, especially with chronic shoulder instability.
  • Popping or Clicking Sounds: Audible noises during shoulder movement.
  • Swelling and Tenderness: Especially after a dislocation or subluxation event.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can contribute to shoulder instability:

  • Traumatic Dislocation: A sudden injury, such as a fall or collision, can cause the shoulder to dislocate.
  • Repetitive Strain: Engaging in activities that involve repetitive overhead motion, like swimming or tennis, can stretch and weaken shoulder ligaments.
  • Naturally Loose Ligaments: Some individuals are born with looser ligaments, making them more susceptible to instability.
  • Previous Shoulder Dislocations: An initial shoulder dislocation increases the risk of future dislocations and chronic instability.

Diagnosing Shoulder Instability

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment:

  • Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessing symptoms, previous injuries, and performing specific tests to evaluate shoulder stability.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays can reveal bone injuries, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of soft tissues, helping to identify torn or stretched ligaments, labral tears, or other soft tissue injuries.
  • Arthroscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive procedure may be performed to visualize the inside of the shoulder joint directly.

Treatment Options for Shoulder Instability

Treatment for shoulder instability depends on the severity and underlying cause:

Nonsurgical Treatment

Most cases of chronic shoulder instability are treated first with nonsurgical treatments. Treatments can include the following:

  • Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can design a program to strengthen shoulder muscles, improve range of motion, and enhance joint stability.
  • Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
  • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be required for patients with damaged ligaments to secure the shoulder joint more securely. Surgical treatments include the following:

  • Arthroscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive procedures to repair torn or stretched ligaments and the labrum.
  • Open Surgery: In cases of severe instability or when arthroscopic surgery is not feasible, open surgical procedures may be necessary to restore shoulder stability.
 

Dr. Benjamin W. Szerlip offers both nonsurgical and surgical treatment options tailored to each patient’s specific needs.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from shoulder instability treatment varies based on the chosen intervention.

Post-Surgical Rehabilitation:

Following surgery, your recovery may include the following:

  • Immobilization: Wearing a sling to protect the shoulder during initial healing
  • Physical Therapy: Gradual exercises to restore range of motion, strength, and function.
 

Full recovery can take several months, with adherence to rehabilitation protocols being crucial for optimal outcomes.

Non-Surgical Rehabilitation

Nonsurgical rehabilitation can take less time than when surgery is involved. Rehabilitation usually involves the following:

  • Consistent Physical Therapy: Engaging in prescribed exercises to strengthen the shoulder and prevent future instability.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: Modifying activities to avoid movements that may cause instability.
 

Our team will work closely with you throughout the recovery process to ensure a safe and effective return to daily activities and sports.

Take the Next Step Toward Shoulder Stability

If you’re experiencing shoulder instability symptoms such as pain, weakness, or a feeling that your shoulder may dislocate, it’s essential to seek professional evaluation and treatment. Dr. Benjamin W. Szerlip, a fellowship-trained shoulder and sports medicine surgeon in Austin, Texas, is dedicated to helping patients regain shoulder stability and function. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a pain-free, stable shoulder.